Zvimiti zvechopstickZvimiti zviviri zvakafanana zvinoshandiswa pakudya. Zvakatanga kushandiswa muChina ndokuzoendeswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo pasi rose. Zvimiti zvinoonekwa sezvinhu zvakakosha mutsika dzechiChinese uye zvine mukurumbira we "Mabvazuva eChivanhu."
Pazasi pane zvinhu zvinomwe zvekuziva nezvezvimiti zvekuChina.
1. Zvimiti zvekucheka zvakagadzirwa riini?
Pamberi pekugadzwa kwezvimiti zvekucheka, Vanhu vekuChina vaishandisa maoko avo pakudya. Vanhu vekuChina vakatanga kushandisazvimiti zvekuchekaMakore angangoita 3,000 apfuura muShang Dynasty (c.16 kusvika 11th century BC). Sekureva kwe "Records of the Grand Historian", mambo weZhou, mambo wekupedzisira weShang Dynasty akashandisa zvimiti zvenyanga dzenzou. Pachikonzero ichi, China ine makore angangoita 3,000 enhoroondo. Munguva yePre-Qin (pre-221 BC), zvimiti zvechopstick zvainzi "Jia", uye munguva yeQin (221-206 BC) neHan (206 BC-AD 220) zvimiti zvechopstick zvainzi "Zhu". Nekuti "Zhu" ine ruzha rwakafanana ne"mira" muchiChinese, iro izwi risina kunaka, vanhu vakatanga kuidana kuti "Kuai", zvichireva "kukurumidza" muchiChinese. Uku ndiko kwakabva zita remazuva ano rezvimiti zvechopstick zvechiChinese.
2. Ndiani akatangazvimiti zvekucheka?
Zvinyorwa zvekushandisa chimuti zvakawanikwa mumabhuku akawanda akanyorwa asi hazvina humbowo hwechokwadi. Zvisinei, kune nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwezvimiti. Imwe inoti Jiang Ziya, nyanzvi yehondo yekare yeChina yakagadzira zvimiti mushure mekufemerwa neshiri yengano. Imwe nyaya inoti Daji, mudzimai wamambo weZhou aidiwa, akagadzira zvimiti zvekufadza mambo. Pane imwe ngano yekuti Yu the Great, mutongi ane mukurumbira muChina yekare, akashandisa zvimiti kuunganidza chikafu chinopisa kuchengetedza nguva yekudzora mafashamo. Asi hapana chinyorwa chaicho chenhoroondo pamusoro pekuti ndiani akagadzira.zvimiti zvekucheka; tinoziva chete kuti mumwe munhu wekare wekuChina akachenjera ndiye akagadzira zvimiti zvekucheka.
3. Ndezvipizvimiti zvekuchekayakagadzirwa ne?
Zvimiti zvinogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semushenjere, huni, purasitiki, porcelain, sirivha, bronze, nyanga yenzou, jade, mapfupa nematombo.Zvimiti zvemabheroanonyanya kushandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu vekuChina.
4.Mashandisirwo azvozvimiti zvekucheka?
Kushandisa zvimiti zviviri zvitete kuunganidza chikafu hakusi kwakaoma. Unogona kuzviita chero bedzi uchitora nguva yekudzidzira. Vatorwa vazhinji muChina vava kugona kushandisa zvimiti sevanhu veko. Chinhu chikuru chekushandisa zvimiti kuchengetedza chimwe chiri panzvimbo yacho uku uchitenderedza chimwe kuti chitore chikafu. Mushure mekudzidzira kwenguva pfupi, uchaziva kudya nemurwere.zvimiti zvekuchekanekukurumidza zvikuru.
5. Hunhu hwezvimiti zvechopstick
Zvimiti zvechopstickKazhinji zvinobatwa neruoko rwerudyi asi zvinoenderana nekuti uri munhu anobata ruoko rweruboshwe here. Kutamba nematanda ekudya kunoonekwa sehunhu husina kunaka. Kubata zvakanaka uye kufunga zvakanaka kuunganidza chikafu chevakwegura nevana. Pakudya nevakuru, vanhu vekuChina vanowanzorega vakuru vachitora matanda ekudya vasati vatora vamwe. Kazhinji, mugamuchiri ane hanya anotamisa chikafu kubva mundiro yekushandira kuenda mundiro yemuenzi. Hazvina kunaka kudzvanya matanda ekudya pamucheto wendiro yako, nekuti muChina yekare vapemhi vaiwanzoashandisa kukwezva kutariswa.
6. Uzivi hwezvimiti
Muzivi wekuChina Confucius (551-479BC) akarayira vanhu kushandisazvimiti zvekuchekapachinzvimbo chemapanga, nekuti mapanga esimbi anoyeuchidza vanhu nezvezvombo zvinotonhora, zvinoreva kuuraya nechisimba. Akakurudzira kurambidza mapanga patafura yekudyira uye kushandisa zvimiti zvehuni.
7. Zvimiti zvekucheka zvakaunzwa riini kune dzimwe nyika?
Zvimiti zvechopstickdzakaunzwa kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dziri pedyo nekuda kwekureruka kwadzo uye nyore kwadzo.Zvimiti zvechopstickzvakaunzwa muKorean peninsula kubva kuChina munguva yeHan Dynasty uye zvakapararira kusvika kuPeninsula yese munenge muna AD 600. Zvimiti zvakaunzwa kuJapan nemumongi wechiBuddha ainzi Konghai wekuChina weTang Dynasty (618-907). Konghai akamboti panguva yebasa rake reumishinari "Avo vanoshandisa zvimiti vachaponeswa", uye nekudarozvimiti zvekuchekazvakapararira muJapan nguva pfupi yakatevera. Mushure memadzimambo eMing (1368-1644) neQing (1644-1911), zvimiti zvekudya zvakaunzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuMalaysia, Singapore, nedzimwe nyika dzeSoutheast Asia.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-01-2024